Placement of required lights and their function.
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Reference image provided by FHWA. (With additional info)
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Here is a link to the Railroad-Highway Grade Crossing Handbook: https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/hsip/xings/ ... sec04b.cfm5. Automatic Gates
An automatic gate serves as a barrier across the highway when a train is approaching or occupying the crossing. The gate is reflectorized with 16-inch diagonal red and white stripes.90 To enhance visibility during darkness, three red lights are placed on the gate arm. The light nearest to the tip burns steadily; the other two flash alternately. The gate is combined with a standard flashing light signal (see Figure 29 for a typical installation) that provides additional warning before the arm starts to descend, while the gate arm is across the highway, and until the gate arm ascends to clearance. The gate mechanism is either supported on the same post with the flashing light signal or separately mounted on a pedestal adjacent to the flashing light signal post.
In a normal sequence of operation, the flashing light signals and the lights on the gate arm in its normal upright position are activated immediately upon the detection or approach of a train. Industry standards require that the gate arm shall start its downward motion not less than 3 seconds after the signal lights start to operate; shall reach its horizontal position before the arrival of the train; and shall remain in that position as long as the train occupies the crossing. When the train clears the crossing, and no other train is approaching, the gate arm shall ascend to its upright position normally in not more than 12 seconds, following which the flashing lights and the lights on the gate arm shall cease operation. In the design of individual installations, consideration should be given to timing the operation of the gate arm to accommodate slow-moving trucks.
In determining the need for automatic gates, the following factors may be considered:
• Multiple mainline railroad tracks.
• Multiple tracks where a train on or near the crossing can obscure the movement of another train approaching the crossing.
• High-speed train operation combined with limited sight distance.
• A combination of high-speed and moderately high-volume highway and railroad traffic.
• Presence of school buses, transit buses, or farm vehicles in the traffic flow.
• Presence of trucks carrying hazardous materials, particularly when the view down the track from a stopped vehicle is obstructed (curve in track, etc.).
• Continuance of collisions after installation of flashing lights.
• Presence of passenger trains.
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